¿Qué tipo de preguntas hay en el examen GMAT?
/Primero lo primero. Antes de comenzar, veamos qué secciones hay dentro del examen GMAT en el año 2024:
Data Insights
Quantitative Reasoning
Verbal Reasoning
Cada área evalúa distintos aspectos que veremos a continuación.
Data Insights
Esta sección mide tus habilidades para analizar diferentes tipos de datos de múltiples orígenes para tomar decisiones informadas. Puedes usar una calculadora virtual (otorgada dentro de la pantalla del examen). Contiene 5 tipos de preguntas:
Preguntas de suficiencia de datos (Data Sufficiency)
Este tipo de pregunta evalúa tu capacidad para analizar un problema matemático y determinar si la información proporcionada es suficiente para resolverlo. No se te pide necesariamente que resuelvas el problema por completo, sino que determines si los datos son adecuados para hacerlo.
Cada pregunta presenta una afirmación seguida de dos declaraciones numeradas (1) y (2). Tu tarea es decidir si, usando las declaraciones de manera individual o en conjunto, puedes responder la pregunta inicial.
Ejemplo de una pregunta de Data Sufficiency:
This data sufficiency problem consists of a question and two statements, labeled (1) and (2), in which certain data are given. You have to decide whether the data given in the statements are sufficient for answering the question. Using the data given in the statements, plus your knowledge of mathematics and everyday facts (such as the number of days in July or the meaning of the word counterclockwise), you must indicate whether:
- Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient to answer the question asked.
- Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient to answer the question asked.
- BOTH statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question asked, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question asked.
- EACH statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question asked.
- Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question asked, and additional data specific to the problem are needed.
What is the monthly rent for a certain apartment?
(1) The monthly rent per person for 4 people to share the rent for the apartment is $375.
(2) The monthly rent per person for 4 people to share the rent of the apartment is $125 less than the monthly
rent per person for 3 people to share the rent.
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Alternative (d).
Preguntas de razonamiento multi-orígenes (Multi-Source Reasoning)
Este tipo de pregunta evalúa tu capacidad para analizar y sintetizar información a partir de varias fuentes de datos diferentes. Estas preguntas presentan una serie de pestañas o conjuntos de información que pueden incluir gráficos, tablas, textos o una combinación de estos. Tu tarea es revisar esta información para responder a una serie de preguntas relacionadas.
Ejemplo de una pregunta de Multi-Source Reasoning:
Email from administrator to research staff
January 15, 10:46 a.m.Yesterday was the deadline for our receipt of completed surveys from doctors who were invited to participate in the Medical Practice Priorities Survey. Did we get enough returns from this original group of invitees to get reliable statistics? Do we need to invite additional participants?
Email from project coordinator in response to the administrator's January 15, 10:46 a.m. message
January 15, 11:12 a.m.Altogether we got exactly 350 actual survey completions. We need at least 700 and were hoping for even more, so we plan to invite a second group to participate. Both the results from this first group and other research indicates that with this type of survey and this type of participants there is about a 40 percent probability that any given invitee will submit the completed survey in the time we'll allow. (Obviously that doesn't mean that if we invited 1,000 we'd necessarily get at least 400, so we need to think in terms of the risks of getting too few returns or exceeding the budget.) All of the participants who submitted their surveys by the deadline will get the $50 payment we promised. What is our total budget for compensation to participants?
Email from administrator to project coordinator in response to the project coordinator's January 15, 11:12 a.m. message
January 15, 1:54 p.m.The budget we allocated for compensation to those who complete and submit the Medical Practice Priorities Survey is $45,000. We will honor our commitment to pay $50 to each participant—in the second group as well as the first—who completes the survey and submits it by the deadline we specify when we invite them to participate. However, we will need to try not to exceed the total amount that is budgeted for this purpose.
Suppose that the total number of invitees in the second group is 560. Then, if all of the information in the three emails is accurate, the probability that the budget for compensating participants will be exceeded is nearest to:
-
0.00
Preguntas de análisis de tablas (Table Analysis)
Estas preguntas están diseñadas para evaluar tu capacidad para interpretar y analizar datos numéricos presentados en formato de tabla. Estas preguntas requieren que examines cuidadosamente la información contenida en la tabla y luego respondas preguntas que pueden implicar hacer cálculos, identificar tendencias, comparar datos o evaluar declaraciones.
Ejemplo de una pregunta de Table Analysis:
The table displays data on Brazilian agricultural products in 2009.
| Commodity | Production, World Share (%) | Production, World Rank | Exports, World Share (%) | Exports, World Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beef | 16 | 2 | 22 | 1 |
| Chickens | 15 | 3 | 38 | 1 |
| Coffee | 40 | 1 | 32 | 1 |
| Corn | 8 | 4 | 10 | 2 |
| Cotton | 5 | 5 | 10 | 4 |
| Orange juice | 56 | 1 | 82 | 1 |
| Pork | 4 | 4 | 12 | 4 |
| Soybeans | 27 | 2 | 40 | 2 |
| Sugar | 21 | 1 | 44 | 1 |
For each of the following statements, select Yes if the statement can be shown to be true based on the information in the table. Otherwise select No.
| Yes | No | |
|---|---|---|
| No individual country produces more than one-fourth of the world's sugar. | ||
| If Brazil produces less than 20% of the world's supply of any commodity listed in the table, Brazil is not the world's top exporter of that commodity. | ||
| Of the commodities in the table for which Brazil ranks first in world exports, Brazil produces more than 20% of the world's supply. |
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(YES) No individual country produces more than one-fourth of the world's sugar.
(NO) If Brazil produces less than 20% of the world's supply of any commodity listed in the table, Brazil is not the world's top exporter of that commodity.
(NO) Of the commodities in the table for which Brazil ranks first in world exports, Brazil produces more than 20% of the world's supply.
Preguntas de interpretación de gráficos (Graphics Interpretation)
Estas preguntas evalúan tu capacidad para interpretar y analizar información presentada visualmente en diversos tipos de gráficos. Estos gráficos pueden incluir:
Gráficos de barras
Gráficos de líneas
Gráficos circulares (pastel)
Diagramas de dispersión
Mapas de calor, entre otros
Estas preguntas requieren que identifiques rápidamente las relaciones clave entre los datos gráficos y utilices esa información para tomar decisiones basadas en números.
Ejemplo de una pregunta de Graphics Interpretation:
Refer to the pictograph of a survey of students at Central Community College. Each symbol represents 10 students in a sample of 300.
Use the drop-down menus to complete each statement according to the information presented in the diagram.
If one student is selected at random from the 300 surveyed, the chance that the student will be under 30 or a high school graduate or both is .
If one student is selected at random from the 300 surveyed, the chance that the student will be both under 30 and a high school graduate is .
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If one student is selected at random from the 300 surveyed, the chance that the student will be under 30 or a high school graduate or both is 5 out of 6.
If one student is selected at random from the 300 surveyed, the chance that the student will be both under 30 and a high school graduate is 1 out of 3.
Preguntas de análisis en dos partes (Two-Part Analysis)
Las preguntas de Análisis en Dos Partes requieren una comprensión integral del problema, ya que necesitas abordar dos aspectos diferentes pero interrelacionados simultáneamente. Este tipo de preguntas pone a prueba tu capacidad para resolver problemas complejos de manera estructurada, evaluando tanto tu razonamiento lógico como tus habilidades cuantitativas y de toma de decisiones.
Ejemplo de pregunta de Two-Part Analysis:
Organization A currently has 1,050 members. Organization B currently has 1,550 members. The number of members of Organization A and the number of members of Organization B are increasing annually, each at its own constant rate. Analysts project that if each of these organizations maintains its constant annual rate of membership increase, five years from now they will for the first time have the same number of members, and in subsequent years Organization A will have more members than Organization B.
In the table below, identify a rate of increase, in members per year, for Organization A and a rate of increase, in members per year, for Organization B that together are consistent with the analysts’ projection. Make only one selection in each column.
| Organization A | Organization B | Rate of increase (members per year) |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | ||
| 30 | ||
| 40 | ||
| 120 | ||
| 130 | ||
| 150 |
-
Organization A -> 130
Organization B -> 30
Quantitative Reasoning
Esta sección mide tus conocimientos bases de álgebra y aritmética y cómo aplicar estos conocimientos en los problemas.
Para la sección de Quantitative Reasoning, solo existe un tipo de pregunta:
Preguntas de resolución de problemas (Problem Solving)
Este tipo de preguntas requiere conocimientos de aritmética y álgebra básica. Responder estas preguntas depende de tus habilidades lógicas y analíticas, no las habilidades matemáticas. No puedes usar una calculadora en esta sección. Algunas de las subsecciones dentro de Problem Solving, requieren los siguientes conocimientos:
Aritmética (propiedades de números, porcentajes, fracciones, proporciones)
Álgebra (exponentes, ecuaciones lineales, cuadráticas, funciones)
Estadísticas (media, mediana, desviación estándar)
Entre otros
Ejemplo de pregunta de Problem Solving:
Solve the problem and indicate the best of the answer choices given.
Question:If a certain wheel turns at a constant rate of x revolutions per minute, how many revolutions will the wheel make in k seconds?
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kx÷60
Verbal Reasoning
Esta sección mide tu habilidad para leer y comprender material escrito, razonar y evaluar argumentos y expresar ideas efectivamente en el idioma inglés.
Existen dos tipos de preguntas en esta sección:
Reading Comprehension
Este tipo de pregunta mide tu habilidad para entender palabras y enunciados, entender relaciones lógicas entre puntos significativos, extraer inferencias, y seguir el desarrollo de conceptos cuantitativos. Específicamente, se evaluarán las siguientes habilidades de lectura: idea principal, idea de apoyo, inferencia, aplicación, estructura lógica y estilo.
Ejemplo de pregunta de Reading Comprehension:
The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage. After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.
Question:Schools expect textbooks to be a valuable source of information for students. My research suggests, however, that textbooks that address the place of Native Americans within the history of the United States distort history to suit a particular cultural value system. In some textbooks, for example, settlers are pictured as more humane, complex, skillful, and wise than Native Americans. In essence, textbooks stereotype and depreciate the numerous Native American cultures while reinforcing the attitude that the European conquest of the New World denotes the superiority of European cultures. Although textbooks evaluate Native American architecture, political systems, and homemaking, I contend that they do it from an ethnocentric, European perspective without recognizing that other perspectives are possible.
One argument against my contention asserts that, by nature, textbooks are culturally biased and that I am simply underestimating children's ability to see through these biases. Some researchers even claim that by the time students are in high school, they know they cannot take textbooks literally. Yet substantial evidence exists to the contrary. Two researchers, for example, have conducted studies that suggest that children's attitudes about particular cultures are strongly influenced by the textbooks used in schools. Given this, an ongoing, careful review of how school textbooks depict Native Americans is certainly warranted.
Which of the following would most logically be the topic of the paragraph immediately following the passage?
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Alternative (a).
Critical Reasoning
Este tipo de pregunta mide tu habilidad para realizar y evaluar argumentos y formular o evaluar un plan de acción. Las preguntas de Critical Reasoning se basan en una breve lectura, usualmente con menos de 100 palabras. Típicamente, este corto texto viene acompañado de una pregunta que te pide responder cuál de las cinco alternativas fortalece o debilita un argumento, por qué el argumento es incorrecto o fortalece o debilita el argumento. No necesitarás conocimiento específico de la materia en cuestión para responder estas preguntas.
Ejemplo de pregunta de Critical Reasoning:
For this question, select the best of the answer choices given.
Question:Mall Owner: Our mall's occupancy rate is so low that we are barely making a profit. We cannot raise rents because of an unacceptably high risk of losing established tenants. On the other hand, a mall that is fully occupied costs about as much to run as one in which a rental space here and a rental space there stands empty. Clearly, therefore, to increase profits we must sign up new tenants.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
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Alternative (a).
Todas estas preguntas requieren de una técnica específica que toma tiempo dominar. En ocasiones debes responder estas preguntas en el tiempo más corto posible y eso se consigue enfocándote en el núcleo principal del argumento a analizar - sin tener que caer en el error de leer un texto distractor.
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